The Great Dictator ( 1940 ) And The Interview ( 2014 )

Many films that make a mockery of dictators have been released over the years, but two of those films stand out for how accurate their parodies are in reality, that stands up to a known oppressor. These two films are The Great Dictator (1940) and The Interview (2014). These two films share the comedic twist of Classical Hollywood Narrative to outline their story. Unlike many other films mocking a dictator these two films create a parody of a known figure in modern history to demoralize each despot for the good of the oppressed society. Outside of the film itself, they share a severe backlash upon release that involves bombings, cyber-attacks, and bans on both films. The following discussion will examine how the similarities in the techniques employed by each filmmaker during development helped to strengthen each film’s satiric impact, while also causing each film to incur a similarly harsh and violent reception upon debut. By 1938 Chaplin was one of the greatest writers, directors and actors in the film industry, well known for his socioeconomic and political satire within The United States. He felt so confident in his ability in mocking the world’s most dangerous man that he was willing to spend $1.5 million of the $2 million budget. The two differences in this later film from his earlier work were the introduction of sound in films and the disappearance of his reoccurring protagonist â€Å"The Little Tramp†. Chaplin’s use of sound in this film was a huge factor in history, notShow MoreRelatedAn Exploration Of The Great Dictator1354 Words   |  6 Pages Running head: AN EXPLORATION OF THE GREAT DICTATOR (1940) 1 AN EXPLORATION OF THE GREAT DICTATOR (1940) 2 An Exploration of Charlie Chaplin s Influences, Symbolism, and Use of Sound in The Great Dictator (1940) Vincent G. Foisy Cleveland State University. An Exploration of Charlie Chaplin?s Influences, Symbolism, and Use of Sound in The Great Dictator (1940) In the early 1900?s, Charlie Chaplin became one of the most famous filmmakers in American history. His clumsyRead MoreNobel Laureate Gabriel Garcia Marquez a Champion for Latin American Solitude1810 Words   |  8 Pagesand tangible. In Marquez’s Nobel Prize Lecture, he champions the experience of Latin Americans and its influence on his stories. In general, he then theorizes that the experience of Latin America is, in fact, an experience of solitude, in which buds great curiosity and inquiry. In his lecture, Marquez contends that Latin American lives are divinely magical and thus their experience cannot be understood; consequently, leaving them in a state of seclusion. His works are catalysts for social, political

Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection and Social Darwinism...

In 1859, a biologist named Charles Darwin postulated a scientific theory, which stated that all living organisms evolved through a process of natural selection. According to Stephen Hawking, Charles Darwin claimed that the offspring of a particular species gradually evolved themselves genetically to resist the changes in the environment (573). The theory contended that the organisms could adapt to the changes in the environment through the survival of the fittest. Though this theory is regarded as a breakthrough in the field of biological evolution, it is interesting to explore how this seemingly scientific theory has been suitably modified, and intellectually applied to both negative and positive aspects of life. In the†¦show more content†¦The idea of applying Darwin’s principle to promote caste and color discrimination within societies eventually came to be known as ‘Social Darwinism’. The high-ranked members of the society believed that, to maintain the prosperity of the society, the weak social groups should be oppressed to ensure their elimination in the future generations. According to Kramer’s film, The Monkey Trail, The unprivileged class deemed this sociological theory to be an obstacle to their progress, and complained that: †If nature decides the fittest amongst the human race, then, what right do the rich have to mistreat and oppress us?† In other words, the unprivileged class questioned the practice of ‘ethnic cleansing,’ if it is really a nature’s design. In response to the criticism of the ‘inferior’ class, supporters of Social Darwinism argued that just like organisms, societies have also evolved by natural selection, through which the fittest and the most brilliant members were the ones who were most successful in their societies. Using this idea as their line of reasoning, the upperclassmen contended that the most successful social classes were supposedly composed of people who were biologically superior. This inclined them towards killing and torturing the so-called ‘inferior’ race. Animesh, Ayon and Jacob argue, in their Internet article â€Å"Evolution and Elitism†, Social Darwinism was also used to supportShow MoreRelatedEssay about Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection and Social Darwinism2627 Words   |  11 Pageswith even a moderate background in science has heard of Charles Darwin and his theory of evolution. Since the publishing of his book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection in 1859, Darwin’s ideas have been debated by everyone from scientists to theologians to ordinary lay-people. Today, though there is still severe opposition, evolution is regarded as fact by most of the scientific community and Darwin’s book remains one of the most influential ever written. Its influenceRead MoreDarwin’s Theory of Natural Selection and Social Darwinism Essay examples569 Words   |  3 Pagesbelieving that over time, organisms must adapt to suit their environment. He explained his theories thoroughly in his book, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. Darwin decided it was possible for a species to change from one form and develop into another over time. This led him to the notion that all life forms were not fixed, but continuously changing or evolving. The other part of the theory was that living things weren’t the result of many separate creations, but of long, intertwiningRead MoreDarwin’s Theory of Natural Selection and Social Darwinism Essay811 Words   |  4 Pagespeople who have had the opportunity to study them in basic biology. However, Darwins theories of selection and survival of the fittest have been applied to moral, economic, political, and other cultural aspects of society. Dennett briefly touched on some of the political and social ramifications of Darwins theories in the final chapter of Darwins Dangerous Idea. Other philosophers and thinkers have also adapted Darwins evolutionary ideas, in order to apply them in a societal or cultural contextRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution918 Words à ‚  |  4 PagesCharles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution is the most successful theory of it’s kind. Darwin’s idea of Natural Selection has found success not just in the organic world, but also in human society. This is no coincidence. After Darwin’s Beagle voyage, he returned to England during the Industrial Revolution. As a man of wealth, Darwin acted as a first-hand witness to the societal changes occurring around him. The Industrial Revolution, along with the corresponding economic theories played a large role inRead MoreCharles Robert Darwin and his Revolutionary Ideas1111 Words   |  5 Pages Charles Robert Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England. Charles was one of six children and came from a long line of scientists. His grandfather, Dr. Erasmus Darwin, created the theory of evolution and his father, Dr. Robert Waring Darwin, was a well known medical doctor in his community. When Charles was 16, in 1825, his father sen t him to Edinburgh University to study medicine, in hopes that Charles would also become a medical doctor. However, three years into hisRead MoreDarwin s Theory Of Evolution1339 Words   |  6 PagesCountless scientists spent their lives working on a succinct theory of evolution, but none found as great of popularity and success as Charles Darwin. Using his concept of Natural Selection, Darwin managed to explain evolution in not just the organic world, but also in humans. The fact that Darwin’s theory transfers so easily to human society is no coincidence. After Darwin’s Beagle voyage, he returned to England during the Industrial Revolution. As a man of wealth, Darwin acted as a first-hand witnessRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1577 Words   |  7 Pagesfields of studies in the nineteenth century. In 1831, Darwin embarked on a British government-sponsored voyage on the HMS Beagle to the coast of South America and several remote islands in the Pacific, wh ere he closely observed the landforms and natural species that were native to these parts of the world, which he had never encountered before. Upon confronting these previously unidentified species, he made numerous observations, took copious notes in his journals and collected meticulous samplesRead MoreEssay on Social Darwinism1197 Words   |  5 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection, a scientific theory that supported the belief of evolution, was manipulated and applied to different areas of life, and thus it became the shaping force in European thought in the last half of the nineteenth century. Darwin, through observation of organisms, determined that a system of natural selection controlled the evolution of species. He found that the organisms that were most fit and assimilated to the environment would survive. They would also reproduceRead MoreSocial Darwinism Is An Ideology Of Society1566 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Darwinism is an ideology of society that seeks to apply biological concepts of the laws of evolution by natural selection of evolutionary theory to sociology and politics, often with the assumption that conflict between groups in society leads to social progress as superior groups outcompete inferior ones. How we got to the point of coining the modern term of â€Å"Social Darwinis m† we would have to turn to the famous man himself, Charles Darwin. At first glance, Charles Darwin seems an unlikelyRead MoreSocial Darwinism And Its Effect On Society1069 Words   |  5 Pagescalled Social Darwinists. Social Darwinism is a competition between groups in society, usually resulting in the most fit, or most capable, coming out on top. Social Darwinists argue that the strong’s power and wealth should increase, whereas the weak’s should decrease. There are different views as to who these weak and strong groups are, but all Social Darwinists agree that the strong should be rewarded and the weak punished. The concept of Social Darwinism is based off of Charles Darwin’s theories Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection and Social Darwinism... While he was on the voyage of the H.M.S. Beagle, a man named Charles Darwin viewed the relationship of plants and animals all over the world. He observed organisms on islands off the coast of South America and those on the mainland. His observations showed that these organisms were related, but not identical. This led Darwin into believing that over time, organisms must adapt to suit their environment. He explained his theories thoroughly in his book, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. Darwin decided it was possible for a species to change from one form and develop into another over time. This led him to the notion that all life forms were not fixed, but continuously changing or evolving. The other part of the†¦show more content†¦Basically, they took Darwins theory of natural selection, which was intended to apply only to selection through genetic variability, and applied it to selection between human groups differentiated by culture alone. The concept, referred to as social Darwinism, embraced all efforts to apply Darwinian biology and evolution to human society. Through the years, social Darwinism became widely popular and was used to justify predatory capitalism, social classes, racial prejudices, and imperialism. One of the many social Darwinists was a man named William Graham Sumner. In his lectures and writings, Sumner became one of the leading proponents of laissez-faire economics and social Darwinism, opposing all government efforts to regulate business or to combat social inequality. In his book, That it is Not Wicked to Be Rich, Sumner spoke of social classes in the United States. He argued that social existence was a competitive struggle among individuals possessing different natural capacities and traits. Overall, those with better traits succeeded, becoming wealthy and powerful, while those lacking in inner discipline or intelligence sank into poverty. He felt that people who were poor we born to be that way, and they could do nothing about. Because of this, Sumner was against government assistance of any kind. As you can see,Show MoreRelatedDarwin’s Theory of Natural Selection and Social Darwinism Essay1179 Words   |  5 PagesCharles Darwin postulated a scientific theory, which stated that all living organisms evolved through a process of natural selection. According to Stephen Hawking, Charles Darwin claimed that the offspring of a particular species gradually evolved themselves genetically to resist the changes in the environment (573). The theory contended that the organisms could adapt to the changes in the environment through the survival of the fittest. Though this theory is regarded as a breakthrough in the fieldRead MoreEssay about Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection and Social Darwinism2627 Words   |  11 Pageswith even a moderate background in science has heard of Charles Darwin and his theory of evolution. Since the publishing of his book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection in 1859, Darwin’s ideas have been debated by everyone from scientists to theologians to ordinary lay-people. Today, though there is still severe opposition, evolution is regarded as fact by most of the scientific community and Darwin’s book remains one of the most influential ever written. Its influenceRead MoreDarwin’s Theory of Natural Selection and Social Darwinism Essay811 Words   |  4 Pagespeople who have had the opportunity to study them in basic biology. However, Darwins theories of selection and survival of the fittest have been applied to moral, economic, political, and other cultural aspects of society. Dennett briefly touched on some of the political and social ramifications of Darwins theories in the final chapter of Darwins Dangerous Idea. Other philosophers and thinkers have also adapted Darwins evolutionary ideas, in order to apply them in a societal or cultural contextRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution918 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution is the most successful theory of it’s kind. Darwin’s idea of Natural Selection has found success not just in the organic world, but also in human society. This is no coincidence. After Darwin’s Beagle voyage, he returned to England d uring the Industrial Revolution. As a man of wealth, Darwin acted as a first-hand witness to the societal changes occurring around him. The Industrial Revolution, along with the corresponding economic theories played a large role inRead MoreCharles Robert Darwin and his Revolutionary Ideas1111 Words   |  5 Pages Charles Robert Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England. Charles was one of six children and came from a long line of scientists. His grandfather, Dr. Erasmus Darwin, created the theory of evolution and his father, Dr. Robert Waring Darwin, was a well known medical doctor in his community. When Charles was 16, in 1825, his father sent him to Edinburgh University to study medicine, in hopes that Charles would also become a medical doctor. However, three years into hisRead MoreDarwin s Theory Of Evolution1339 Words   |  6 PagesCountless scientists spent their lives working on a succinct theory of evolution, but none found as great of popu larity and success as Charles Darwin. Using his concept of Natural Selection, Darwin managed to explain evolution in not just the organic world, but also in humans. The fact that Darwin’s theory transfers so easily to human society is no coincidence. After Darwin’s Beagle voyage, he returned to England during the Industrial Revolution. As a man of wealth, Darwin acted as a first-hand witnessRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1577 Words   |  7 Pagesfields of studies in the nineteenth century. In 1831, Darwin embarked on a British government-sponsored voyage on the HMS Beagle to the coast of South America and several remote islands in the Pacific, where he closely observed the landforms and natural species that were native to these parts of the world, which he had never encountered before. Upon confronting these previously unidentified species, he made numerous observations, took copious notes in his journals and collected meticulous samplesRead MoreEssay on Social Darwinism1197 Words   |  5 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection, a scientific theory that supported the belief of evolution, was manipulated and applied to different areas of life, and thus it became the shaping force in European thought in the last half of the nineteenth century. Darwin, through observation of organisms, determined that a system of natural selection controlled the evolution of species. He found that the organisms that were most fit and assimilated to the environment would survive. They would also reproduceRead MoreSocial Darwinism Is An Ideology Of Society1566 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Darwinism is an ideology of society that seeks to apply biological concepts of the laws of evolution by natural selection of evolutionary theory to sociology and politics, often with the assumption that conflict between groups in society leads to social progress as superior groups outcompete inferior ones. How we got to the point of coining the modern term of â€Å"Social Darwinis m† we would have to turn to the famous man himself, Charles Darwin. At first glance, Charles Darwin seems an unlikelyRead MoreSocial Darwinism And Its Effect On Society1069 Words   |  5 Pagescalled Social Darwinists. Social Darwinism is a competition between groups in society, usually resulting in the most fit, or most capable, coming out on top. Social Darwinists argue that the strong’s power and wealth should increase, whereas the weak’s should decrease. There are different views as to who these weak and strong groups are, but all Social Darwinists agree that the strong should be rewarded and the weak punished. The concept of Social Darwinism is based off of Charles Darwin’s theories

Happy Nation Free Essays

Happy Nation What is happiness? When asked this question, many people would have many different answers. Some may refer to happiness as family, and others may declare money as one of their main reasons for happiness. Indeed, all people are different. We will write a custom essay sample on Happy Nation or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, happy people usually have one thing in common and it is where they live. So, what should a country have, or look like in order to deem itself the happiest? According to New York Times’ reporter Nicholas D. Kristof, Costa Rica is the current â€Å"winner† of the â€Å"World Database of Happiness. This small Central American country has accomplished monumental undertakings to deserve this enormous title. For instance, Costa Rica abolished its army, preserved nature, and made investments in education more profitable than investments in artillery. In fact, Costa Ricans can be proud of their country and fairly deem themselves the happiest nation; however, Americans, for example, can also deem their country as the happiest ones. Moreover, the United States has everything to be at the top of the list of â€Å"happy nations. A rich environment, high level education, enriched family and international relationships would be some of the reasons why American citizens ma y consider themselves to be the happiest nation in the world. First of all, the United States have a very rich environment to be happy with. The environment of the US consists of sparkling lakes and streams full of fish, making fishing a popular hobby of Americans sportsman. In addition, an abundance of cascading mountains and forests full of deer, wild boars, pheasants, birds and other animals make hunters and naturalists alike happy to be here. In fact, every year more and more people retreat to the mountains and campsites to hunt or vacation and enjoy these natural amenities. To name a few others, skiing, snowboarding and biking are sports that becoming more popular these days. In 2009 for example, according to the National Ski and Snowboarders Retailers Association, 5. 5 million people participated in the sport in 2009. The United States’ national parks encourage enthusiasts from its natives and tourists from all over the world. In addition, the US has many bodies of water, but the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, on the East and West Coasts of the United States, offer many opportunities. In fact, Americans love sea food and having access to the two largest oceans makes eating fish daily a common occurrence. Moreover, having two oceans spanning two major coast lines provides picturesque sandy beaches for comfortable living and popular vacation spots. From California to Oregon, and Maine to Florida, these beaches and scenic spots draw many to live and vacation here. Besides the lakes, mountains and beaches, the United States has many more wonders of nature. For instance, the Grand Canyon in Arizona, Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming, the Arches National Park in Utah as well as Yosemite National Park in California all of which draw many visitors. Only Grand Canyon visited 4. 41 million tourists in 2008. In addition, Niagara Falls, sharing its border with Canada is also one of the most widely visited natural attractions among Americans. In other words, the United States has an incredible environment that can easily be deemed the best in the world. The second important reason why Americans can consider themselves a happy nation is education. American education is widely known as the best around of the world. In fact, most notable famous scientists, archaeologists and sportsman graduated from colleges and universities in the United States such as inventor Sicorsky, sportsmen Tiger Woods and a scientist Linus Pauling. Besides that, almost every person who had a chance to graduate from any of the United States’ universities countries became later successful in native country. Indeed, a diploma from an American educational institution is easily accepted in other countries; therefore, there are not difficulties with finding job . In addition, there is also another extraordinary reason that supports American education opportunities. It is financial aid. Very few counties provide financial aid to low-income students, and American citizens who are offered this opportunity should be very proud of it. Despite the current economic downfall, the United States continues to provide this opportunity allowing students to obtain an education in higher learning. For instance, in 2008 the United States Government provided nearly 91 billion in financial aid to 104 million students. Moreover, according to President Obama the financial aid budget will increase this year and more students will be able to finish their study. Furthermore, the American government creates special programs that allow students from foreign countries to come to the United States on student visas. Those programs are very popular among foreign students because they not only provide a decent opportunity to gain a valued experienc e, but also provide job opportunities after graduation. Briefly, high level education is one of the reasons that support America as a happy nation. Finally, enriched family and international relationships are also good reasons that support the American â€Å"Happy Nation† theory. In fact, family, for almost every American citizen, is the biggest treasure in the world. There is no other place in the world where people send so many greeting cards to loved ones as they do here in the United States. For example, in the Ukraine cards are sent for happy events such as, birthdays, weddings or holidays, however it would be interpreted as a personal offense to receive a sympathy card when someone dies. It is even impossible to find such kind cards in the Ukraine because they simply are not for sale! Therefore, Americans have to be proud of having such a nicely-shared tradition. Another practiced tradition that may deem as â€Å"American only† is the Thanksgiving holiday. In fact, this favorite United States’ holiday is unfamiliar to other countries. Indeed, there is no other place in the world where people, once a year – no matter what, spend many hours flying or driving to spend this holiday with their loved ones enjoying family traditions. Besides the family relationships, Americans have excellent international relationships. Around the world the United States is known as a strong, wealthy and successful county. Moreover, during international conflicts the United States’ opinion often plays an important role in the negotiating process. In fact, in 2002 the United States of America solved Arab-Israeli Conflict between Palestine and Israel. Indeed, America is looked upon for its strength. Besides good negotiation skills America is known as a very welcomed and peaceful country. Throughout time thousands of people from hundreds of countries, despite their race or religion, settled and made their homes in the United States. In other words, a country where discrimination does not exist and holiday traditions are practiced from generation to generation can easily be deemed a joyful place in the world. The United States has everything it needs to consider it a happy country. People from around of the world who visited the US at least once noticed how glorious the United States is. Moreover, the relationships that the American Government built over time with other countries may also be one of the reasons why American citizens are proud of their country. In addition, the high level of education that is world renowned may also make citizens feel happy. In other words, a happy nation is comprised of hard-working satisfied people who enjoy their environment, families and homes, who take pride and are patriotic, and who support educational opportunities provided by a government respected by other nations – that country is the United States of America. How to cite Happy Nation, Essay examples

Islamic Finance Globalised World

Question: Discuss about theIslamic Financefor Globalised World. Answer: Introduction: Islamic finance has evolved as one of the most important methods of financing in the globalised world. Many countries have carefully studied its viability and characteristics and have permitted the Sharia law to flourish in view of its effectiveness in addressing certain ills of the society. In light of its potential, some countries have streamlined their financial system by integrating the Islamic financial system with it. The outline of this summary is to incorporate the objectives, analyze the approach and delving into the aspects of methodology used in the study. Since this style of finance is growing at a rate of 11% annually, the present value of assets is estimated to be around US$2 trillion, which covers bank and non-banking financial institutions, insurance and capital markets (Abdul-Gafoor 1999). Though the functioning of Islamic finance is mainly concentrated in Middle Eastern countries, few institutions have established themselves in developed countries like United States and European Union. Islamic finance is mainly defined as a service related to the discharge of financial obligations by following the tenets of Sharia. The objective of the same is to find out the sources of the Sharia and how it shapes and affects the financial jurisprudence with regard to economic, social, cultural and political factors (Abdul-Gafoor, 2003). Apart from this, the principles of the law have also been dwelt upon. The primary sources of this law are Quran, Hadith, Sunna, Ijma, Qiyas and Ijtihad. Quran is considered as the holy book of Islam, which was given to Prophet Muhammad. Hadith is the narrative part of Prophet,which includes the deeds and learning of the Prophet; Sunna connotes the habitual deeds of the Prophet; Ijma pertains to the consensus of different religious scholars unrelated to the tenets of Quran and Sunna. Qiyas is the analogical deduction for rendering an opinion on a given case which is not related to Quran and Sunna and comparing the same with another case mentioned in the Quran or Sunna (Abdul-Gafoor 2006). The development of Islamic law dates back to the time of Prophet Muhammad in the seventh century A.D when he was believed to have received divine revelation from Allah (God of Islam). During the Prophets lifetime, several tenets of Islamic finance were derived from his viewpoints like silent partnership and full partnership. It was he, who allowed and encouraged the prospect of giving interest free loans on the grounds of benevolence and compassion (Ahmed 2004). After his death, a rapid expansion was witnessed specially in the Middle Eastern regions, which expanded its scope to Asia, Africa, Europe and also to parts of Central Asia. From the beginning of the nineteenth century, Western powers gradually started casting its shadow and Islamic countries also fell into the ambit of its rules and methods of functioning. By the middle of the twentieth century, almost all Islamic nations were functioning under the principles and laws of western capitalist powers (Akacem and Gilliam 2002). In the later part of this century, Islamic countries felt the need to bring back the concept of Islamic finance and they started incorporating banks and other financial institutions based on the facets of sharia law. In the 1970s, some Islamic banks were established like Dubai Islamic Bank and Nasser Social Bank. Principles of Islamic Finance: The law is controlled by Sharia, which encompasses the legal structure of Islam, supported by the teachings of Quran and Sunna. The basic principles governing Islamic finance are prohibition of Riba (too much interest), prohibition of Gharar, which does away with respect to disclosure of information in a contract. Restriction with regard to gambling and dealing in sinful activities and staying away from alcohol consumption are also critical factors governing the principles (Alam 2000). In addition to this, risk sharing should be honored between issuer o funds and the recipient. There should be material evidence pertaining to every financial transaction. A financial transaction must not result in exploiting any of the parties involved. Riba: This pertains to the concept of charging interest on a loan given by a lender to a borrower. This principle calls upon debtors to fulfill the commitment of meeting any excess amount over and above the principle amount (Al-Dhareer 1997). One should not be at default after taking a loan. This understanding varies from one religion to another in the context, that a particular religion forbids their faithful to charge interest from their own faith but not from others. The basic premise of this concept is that it is unethical on the part of Islam to charge any extra money as the same should be properly accounted for by virtue of investing it in productive use (Al-Jarhi and Iqbal 2001). Prohibition of Gharar: Gharar is prohibited in Islam as the same involves a high degree of uncertainty with respect to the probability in the rate or amount of return on a particular investment. The purpose of this policy is to equally allocate the benefits between the lender of the instrument and the receiver of the instrument so as to ward off any uncertainties in the future (Al-Masri 2003). Prohibition of Maysir: Maysir pertains to the practice of indulging into illegal activities like gambling and other sorts of games like lotteries, casino as per the Islamic traditional value and ethics. All these sorts of activities are considered unethical and immoral in the eyes of Sharia law and therefore banned in most of the Islam ruled nations. In order to achieve success in life, this principle has to be adhered to in full faith (Al-Saati 2003). According to various proponents of the law, there exists a high risk factor in these types of transactions; so the issue of bankruptcy might come into the picture which would be totally uncalled for. Restriction of Dealing in Forbidden Items: Sharia law forbids its faithful citizens from indulging in transacting certain activities, which does not hold ethical value in its eyes. According to its established doctrine, drugs, alcohol and consuming pork are prohibited and people should invest only in fruitful ventures or legitimate instruments which benefit the society as a whole (Anwar 1995). Profit/loss Sharing: The purpose of enacting this law is to broaden the ambit of profit sharing amongst all the stakeholders in an equal fashion and also the loss factor when the same arises due to unfavorable business outcomes. The main thrust point of this principle is that nobody should enjoy the benefits at the cost of others sufferings (Archer and Rifaat 2002). Every stakeholder should bear the equal responsibility of any loss and also garner its share of success when the business generates a profit, no matter how small or big it may be. Contributing for Zakah: It is considered as one of the bedrocks of Islamic finance, whose idea is to collect a certain percentage of wealth from the wealthy individuals and distribute them amongst the poor. It is collected in the form of a tax from the richer sections of the society and channelizes the fund for the betterment of the weaker sections of the society. In spite of the universal truth that all are equal in the eyes of God, there exist tremendous disparities between the rich and the poor with regard to income distribution (Billah 2001). Therefore it can be inferred that Islam makes it mandatory to some extent for the rich to contribute a certain proportion of their wealth towards the welfare of the society, which in turn would help in eradicating poverty in a nation (Billah 2001). Takaful: Since commercial insurance is one of the most widespread industries with regard to Islamic finance, there exists an argument based on Gharar concept, which is forbidden by the law as it exploits those who do not reap any benefits. In order to bypass this crucial phenomenon, Takaful has been incorporated which is a mutually beneficial scheme (Choudhry and Mirakhor 1997). The purpose and method of sustaining the scheme is to pool the requisite amount of resources and invest in meaningful instruments, which would yield profit in the future. Comments on Methodology: Since there are different parameters based on which each mode of Islamic finance theories are applicable, it reflects a wide variety of its functional aspects and presents a good future scope for improvement not only for Islamic banking but for non-Islamic banking as well. It is mainly focused on the development and upliftment of the marginalized sections of the society, which helps in alleviating poverty and discrimination. Keeping in mind the fact that, Islamic finance prohibits certain practices like alcohol, gambling and any activity which is considered immoral, the structure and functioning of the Islamic method of finance is quite different from other styles of banking and finance, like the western methodology. Conclusion: Bases on the findings and analysis of the above, it can be inferred that, the conduct and functioning of Islamic finance is based on the tenets of Sharia law, whose sources are Quran, Hadith, Sunna, Ijma, Qiyas and Ijtihad. The main principles of Islamic banking are prohibition of Riba and Gharar, which puts emphasis on inclusiveness and abstinence from indulging into immoral and unethical activities in the society. Full disclosure of pertinent information and contribution towards the benefit of the weaker sections of the society are main thrust areas of its principles. The objective of Islamic finance is equal sharing of benefits and losses by both the investor and the entrepreneur and all other stakeholders who are involved in capital infusion. It discourages sinful acts related to gambling, betting and alcohol indulgence as it presumes the same would be harmful for the society and that every legal transaction should be supported by physical evidence in warding off any future conti ngencies. References: Abdul-Gafoor, A. (1999). Islamic Banking and Finance: Another Approach. Islamic Hinterland Conference onAbdul-Gafoor, A. (2003). Islamic Banking. A.S. Noor Deen, Kuala Lumpur. Abdul-Gafoor, A. (2006). Mudaraba-Based Investment and Finance. Journal of Islamic Banking and FinanceAccounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (2007) Available at Ahmed, H. (2004). Role of Zakah and Awqaf in Poverty Alleviation. Occasional Paper No. 8, Islamic Research Akacem, M. and Gilliam, L. (2002). Principles of Islamic Banking: Dept Versus Equity Financing. Middle East Alam, M. (2000). Islamic Banking in Bangladesh: A Case Study of Ibbl. International Journal of Islamic Al-Dhareer, S. (1997). Al-Gharar in Contracts and Its Effects on Contemporary Transactions. Eminent Scholars' Al-Jarhi, M and Iqbal M. (2001). Islamic Banking: Answers to Some Frequently Asked Questions. Occasional Al-Masri, R. (2003). Market Price of Salam on the Date of Delivery: Is It Permissible. Islamic Economics 16(2): Al-Saati, A. (2003). The Permissible Gharar (Risk) in Classical Islamic Jurisprudence. Islamic Economics 16(2): and Training Institute, Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah. Available at https://www.irtipms.org/PubAllE.asp Anwar, A. (1995). Riba and Common Interest. Shafiq Press, Karachi. Archer, S. and Rifaat, A.K. (2002). Islamic Finance: Growth and Innovation, London: Euromoney Books. Billah, M. (2001a). Sources of Law Affecting Takaful (Islamic Insurance). International Journal of Islamic Billah, M. (2001b). Takaful (Islamic Insurance) Premium: A Suggested Regulatory Framework. InternationalChoudhry, N. and A. Mirakhor (1997). Indirect Instruments of Monetary Control in an Islamic Financial System, Critical Debates among Canadian Muslims, Toronto, Canada. Financial Services 2(4): 24-29. Islamic Economic Studies, 4(2): 2766. Journal of Islamic Financial Services 3(1), -. Lecture Series No.16, Islamic Research and Training Institute, Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah. Available Paper No.4, Islamic Research and Training Institute, Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah. Available atPolicy 9(1): 124-138.Accessed October 2006. https://www.irtipms.org/PubAllE.asp. Accessed October 2006.at https://www.irtipms.org/PubAllE.asp. Accessed November 2006. https://www.aaoifi.com/. Accessed May 2007.3-19. Financial Services 1(4): 10-29.

Buy A House Essay Analysis Essay Example

Buy A House Essay Analysis Paper Purchasing a new home is a major financial decision people make when they are able to. Their ability to make this decision is largely determined by how well the economy is performing. Marginal costs and marginal benefits The strength of an economy can greatly affect the marginal costs of home ownership. This is done by allowing the home buyers to see the amount of home they are able to obtain at various points in the economy. When interest rates are lower, consumers are able to get more house for the same amount of money, as opposed to when they re higher. Marginal benefits are also affected by the strength of the economy since it allows consumers to easily see what they could get by purchasing a home, as opposed to renting. Tax deduction removal If the annual tax deduction on mortgage interest was removed, it could have a great affect on those that finance their homes. Since the amount they are credited with on their taxes can be up to several thousand dollars, it can mean many people are going to be without the potential savings safety net they could have once they file the following year. Buy A House Essay Sample We will write a custom essay sample on Buy A House Essay Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Buy A House Essay Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Buy A House Essay Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Despite eventually being able to own the home outright, some buyers may not see a difference with renting since there Is no benefit Involved. Changes in government spending and taxes When the government Introduces or takes away special programs, It makes a difference to those purchasing homes. A good example of that was the recent $8000 tax credit for making a home purchase. This was Introduced to help save the mortgage industry by giving more people the opportunity of homeownership with a government Issued credit. It served as a balance to the stricter loan requirements banks were going by as well. A New House-Marginal Costs and Marginal Benefits A New House-Marginal Costs and Marginal Benefits A New House-Marginal Costs and Marginal Benefits

Presentation

How to make Applesauce I. Introduction A. Many people like to eat different types of food for breakfast. Some like the more traditional eggs and ham, pancakes and good old oatmeal. I on the other hand, love to eat applesauce for breakfast. Not only does it taste good but it is quick to make and just as quick to clean up. Once you learn how to make applesauce, you can go to school with a good breakfast in your stomach. B. The purpose of this is to teach you how to make applesauce because it is quick, easy and extremely good for you (Has a rich source of pectin, which has cancer fighting properties as well as regulate digestion.) C. Before you begin making your apple sauce you will need the following: 5 Regular size apples (Any apple can be used, but be warned, each has its own unique taste.) ,  ¼ tbsp of cinnamon, 2 tbsp of brown sugar,  ¼ c. of apple cider. The equipment that will be needed is one masher, one knife, one saucepan w/ cover, a measuring tool to measure the cups, a tablespoon and a mixing device. II. Making the apple sauce A. Peel the apples and core the apples. Then slice into small pieces; either eights or quarters. 1. If you prefer, you don’t have to peel the apples. Leaving the skin on is actually better for you since it adds more nutrition to the end result. B. Put the apples as well as the  ¼ c. of apple cider into a saucepan. Set the stove to a low or medium temperature. Cover the saucepan. 1. If you want to add water or apple juice instead of apple cider, that is also fine. C. After 20 minutes in the saucepan, remove the cover and begin to mash the apples. 1. This shouldn’t take very long since the apples should practically fall apart into the sauce. D. For the finishing touch, add the 2 tbsp of brown sugar and the  ¼ tbsp of cinnamon. Then mix again until they have been combined with the sauce. 1. NOTE: You must mix or the applesauce will not ... Presentation Free Essays on Applesauce Speech/Presentation How to make Applesauce I. Introduction A. Many people like to eat different types of food for breakfast. Some like the more traditional eggs and ham, pancakes and good old oatmeal. I on the other hand, love to eat applesauce for breakfast. Not only does it taste good but it is quick to make and just as quick to clean up. Once you learn how to make applesauce, you can go to school with a good breakfast in your stomach. B. The purpose of this is to teach you how to make applesauce because it is quick, easy and extremely good for you (Has a rich source of pectin, which has cancer fighting properties as well as regulate digestion.) C. Before you begin making your apple sauce you will need the following: 5 Regular size apples (Any apple can be used, but be warned, each has its own unique taste.) ,  ¼ tbsp of cinnamon, 2 tbsp of brown sugar,  ¼ c. of apple cider. The equipment that will be needed is one masher, one knife, one saucepan w/ cover, a measuring tool to measure the cups, a tablespoon and a mixing device. II. Making the apple sauce A. Peel the apples and core the apples. Then slice into small pieces; either eights or quarters. 1. If you prefer, you don’t have to peel the apples. Leaving the skin on is actually better for you since it adds more nutrition to the end result. B. Put the apples as well as the  ¼ c. of apple cider into a saucepan. Set the stove to a low or medium temperature. Cover the saucepan. 1. If you want to add water or apple juice instead of apple cider, that is also fine. C. After 20 minutes in the saucepan, remove the cover and begin to mash the apples. 1. This shouldn’t take very long since the apples should practically fall apart into the sauce. D. For the finishing touch, add the 2 tbsp of brown sugar and the  ¼ tbsp of cinnamon. Then mix again until they have been combined with the sauce. 1. NOTE: You must mix or the applesauce will not ...

Doing History Response Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Doing History Response - Research Paper Example By looking at the historical account that is advocated by Foucault there are some similarities in the secrecy and opacity of a sovereign archaic regime. The criminal procedures of these states were secretive, and opaque, to the public and the person who was accused. Furthermore, these procedures used to take place without the knowledge of the accused, or the production of evidence that was able to make an accused to be guilty of a crime. The proposed anti-terrorism laws by the United Kingdom are therefore a reflection of these assertions that Foucault, in his book is able to bring about (Bennett, 56). Another law that similar to the justice system of the medieval Europe, as advocated by Foucault is the Patriots Act of the United States. This law is controversial in the sense that it allows the government to conduct surveillance activities on suspected terrorists, without their knowledge. This aspect of secrecy closely resembles what Foucault described, in the methods that the medieval Europe sovereign states of Europe were using to punish criminals. That is, investigating them without their knowledge. This is an aspect of power that a state was exercising towards an individual (Bennett, 62). Furthermore, the power of the state is depicted in its absolute role as a prosecuting agency. The state has the power of determining whether to prosecute an individual or not. Prosecutors in the medieval times were very powerful people, and they could decide on whom to prosecute, and on whom not to prosecute. This situation also happens in the current times, where prosecutors have a complete discretion on the kind of crimes to prosecute, and the ones not to prosecute. However, in the modern times, prosecutors are also answerable to elective officials and institutions such the legislature. This is for purposes of preventing prosecutors from abusing their power and authority. During the period that Foucault is able to describe, the production of

What would you consider to be purchasings added value to company What Essay

What would you consider to be purchasings added value to company What would you consider to be purchasings core and non-core activities - Essay Example review the strategic frameworks of values added by purchasing in order to somehow provide a conceptual paradigm of factors influencing value added by the purchasing professionals. When companies spot out the considerable percentage of their budget affected by the outcomes of purchasing, the significant prospective benefits from putting into effect purchasing management, and the reality that purchasing management processes and outcomes utilize and affect the entire company, they frequently start to change their perspective of the purchasing role from that of a strategic support group to a tactical potential. The initial step companies frequently adopt toward a value-added approach to purchasing management activities is to set up quantifiable, corporate-wide purchasing management objectives that head straightforwardly to high-level corporate objectives. These objectives may emerge from benchmarking practices, internal audit, or evaluations carried out by an external consultant (Leftwich 2004). The metrics applied to monitor progress toward achieving these value-added purchasing management objectives are outcome-based, such as â€Å"total cost reduction, supplier quality improvements, or number of preferred suppliers rather than function-, process-, or tool-based metrics† (Leftwich 2004, 112) that are entirely inherent to the purchasing responsibility, such as the quantity of agreements and/or purchase orders processed annually or quantity of electronic orders. Nevertheless, only setting up objectives and determining parallel metrics alone is insufficient to jumpstart the shift to a strategic or value-based paradigm to purchasing management. The companies that have been most effective and successful in putting into effect paramount purchasing management practices also allocate tasks and liabilities for achieving the purchasing management goals, starting with high-level corporate purchasing management stakeholders (Lewis 1993). As a final step toward implementing

Assignment on Nokia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Assignment on Nokia - Essay Example The Company that has been selected for the study is Nokia. The company is a worldwide leader in the communication industry that has made its presence felt globally. It has stamped its authority through the globe and created an everlasting image in the minds of its consumers. It is interesting to understand that how Nokia has understood and incorporated the various components of creating a unique identity that has made them surge ahead of the competitors. Since Nokia has lead from the front by creating its dominant corporate image, it makes the company an ideal choice for a case study.Company OverviewThe Finnish multinational, Nokia Corporation that is headquartered in Espoo, Finland came into existence in the year 1865, when its founder Fredrik Idestam founded the company. The company mainly focused in manufacturing of mobile devices. It catered to the large market segments including GSM, CDMA and W-CDMA. It also diversified itself into developing internet services and included featu res like music, maps, media and games in its mobile phones. (Moeder, n.d.).The company presently operates in more than 120 countries and its annual global revenue generated is close to â‚ ¬ 50 billion in the year 2008. The company is undoubtedly the world’s largest mobile phones manufacturer with an overall market share of 38% in the Q2 of 2009.The Company has undergone a few conglomerate acquisitions in order to strengthen its foothold in the communication industry. The company acquired Sega in the year 2003, and merged with Siemens.

Contributions that can be made by emotional literacy for social and emotional wellbeing of childrens

Contributions that can be made by emotional literacy for social and emotional wellbeing of childrens How can parents and carers, schools and communities aid the social and emotional wellbeing of children? Discuss what contribution can be made by emotional literacy. For many years, the emphasis on childhood as evolved on the cognitive and physical aspects of child development. Recently, more attention has been given on the emotional and social welfare of childrens development. Childrens emotional maturity and immaturity on their personal happiness, performance and behaviour has finally been recognised, as a consequence, this is currently being recognised by schemes such as, The Healthy Schools Initiative. The Healthy Schools Initiative contributes significantly to emotional health and well-being. All children deserve the opportunity to achieve their full potential. This is set this out in the five Every Child Matters (ECM) outcomes that are key to children and young peoples well-being: The five outcomes are: * Stay safe * Be healthy * Enjoy and achieve * Make a positive contribution * Achieve economic well-being To achieve ECM, The HM document states children need to feel loved and valued, and be supported by a network of reliable and affectionate relationships. If they are denied the opportunity and support they need to achieve these outcomes, children are at increased risk not only of an impoverished childhood, but also of disadvantage and social exclusion in adulthood (HM Government, 2006, pg 32). In a nutshell, the promotion of positive emotional health and well-being helps young people and children to build their confidences and express their feelings. It embeds the understanding and their capacity to learn effectively. Emotional literacy is the ability to understand ourselves and others and to be aware of, understand and to use information about the emotional states of others with competence. It includes the ability to understand, express and manage our own emotions, and respond to the emotions of others, in ways that are helpful to ourselves and others. Developing the Emotionally Literate School (Weare, 2004) Emotional Intelligence is linked to The Nuturing Programme. The programme origniated in the United States as a result of research undertaken by Dr Strephen J. Bavolek who pioneered in the prevention of child abuse and neglect and the development of family life. The progamme aims to enable children to become emotionally literate by exploring ideas which can contribute to learning to mange our emotions. Learning these skills can improve our motivation, help us feel good about ourselves and explores ideas for managing our emotions. Learning these skills can contribute to building self-esteem, which is crucial to provide positive attitude towards living. This is important as it controls how you think, the way you act and more importantly, how you relate to other people. Consequently, emotional literacy leads to emotional health; this health can have a huge impact on your potential to be successful in every aspect of life. All ingredients for emotional literacy are reflected in the Nurturing programme. The programme offers an effective way of encouraging co-operative behaviour, which empowers both parent/carer and children. It is also an emotional literacy programme. It is therefore crucial to state, that as a facilitator we need to reflect upon our own level of emotional literacy, as we cannot help others to become more emotionally literate unless we are emotional literate ourselves. We are all born with emotional intelligence and naturally, wired to our brains. However, how this emotional literacy develops depends on the kind of relationships they have and the adults caring for them. There are five elements of emotional literacy reflect the key principles of the Nurturing Programme. These are required in order to develop and become emotionally literate. Family Links quotes these key principles as:  · Knowing our emotions Self-awareness recognising a feeling as it happens is the first stage. We can eventually learn to stay aware, simply noticing the emotion rather than being overwhelmed by it, however turbulent we may be feeling at the time. This takes a lot of practice!  · Managing our emotions Handling our feelings builds on our awareness of them. Its helpful if we have ways of reassuring ourselves when were feeling anxious, calming down when were angry, soothing ourselves when we are upset, and so on. Every feeling has its value and significance theyre signposts to whats going on in our lives. The ratio of comfortable to painful feelings determines our emotional well-being.  · Motivating ourselves Harnessing our emotions to help us identify our goals and reach them helps us to achieve our aims. If we are kindly in charge of our emotions, rather than being overwhelmed by them, we can also take charge of our actions. We can guide our behaviour positively, and also resist the lure of instant gratification in other words, we develop self-discipline.  · Recognising emotions in others Empathy, the ability to be sensitively aware of what another person is feeling, is the most important people skill of all, and essential for satisfying relationships. Children who are treated with empathy and respect will grow up to be empathic and respectful towards others. * Handling relationships Building on empathy, the art of relationships is based on skill in coping with emotions in others while also managing and expressing our own effectively having good communication skills. Emotionally skilled people are great to be with because we enjoy their rapport. People who have these skills are easy to trust with our feelings, and learning these skills ourselves enhances all our relationships. (Family Links, 2004) Contained in the Nurture programme are four constructs, which fundamentally become the programmes building blocks. All the approaches, strategies and ideas in the Nurturing Programme are based on these four key concepts as outlined by Family Links:  · Self-awareness and self-esteem The art of self-awareness is to know ourselves well what we do and dont like, what our needs are, how we feel. If we are sensitive towards ourselves, its easier to look after our needs. Nurturing ourselves by meeting our own needs helps to boost our self-esteem, making it easier for us to nurture others and particularly to help children develop their self-awareness and a healthy, positive self-esteem.  · Appropriate expectations Children grow up in different ways: physically, intellectually, socially and emotionally. We need to match our expectations to what they can actually do. They learn all the thousands of skills at different rates. What one child finds easy another child of the same age might find hard. If we expect too much or too little of them, children tend to become rebellious, frustrated and angry, or to give up in despair. It is helpful to them if we recognise each small step in their learning.  · Positive discipline All children need discipline to learn what behaviour is OK and what is not. Positive discipline focuses on praise, rewarding their efforts, giving choices, negotiating and awarding responsibility. There are also fair penalties for poor behaviour. It makes life more enjoyable for adults and children, and helps to build self-esteem. Negative discipline, on the other hand, uses punishment and fear; it is stressful for everyone. There is convincing evidence to suggest that developing the social and emotional competence of children and young people leads to improved well-being, self-esteem, pro-social behaviour and higher achievement.  · Empathy This is the cornerstone of the Nurturing Programme. Empathy is the ability to sense how someone else is feeling, to tune in to their emotional point of view. We dont have to agree with what the other person thinks just to be sensitive to the way they feel, and to accept it. An empathic response to a childs inner world, to their excitement, frustrations and fears, fosters a close, trusting relationship, and helps them learn to respond sensitively towards others (Family Links, 2004) The author works with children weekly within the school environment. The work centres on supporting the development of childrens personal, social, emotional and behavioural growth. The aim is to: * Raise childrens self awareness * Develop healthy self esteem and confidence * Help children to manage their emotions and behaviour/social difficulties * Improve motivation and improve learning opportunities in and out of school The children work on individual targets, and sessions help them practice the skills they require to meet these targets both within class and all areas of their lives. A balance of role models promote group dynamics and peer support. A wide range of techniques are used within the session which includes: * Art focused work * Structured play * Drama * Counselling approaches * Relaxation, visualisation and reflection exercises * Circle time discussions * Reflection exercises Parent/carers play a huge role in their childs social and emotional well-being. It is important in its own right, simply because it can affect their physical health for both the child and parent/carer and can have a detrimental effect on how well the child does at school. Therefore, good social, emotional and psychological health protects children from emotional and behavioral problems, misuse of drugs and alcohol, for example. Therefore, it is equally important to pay attention to the social and emotional skills that children develop in their earliest years, as it will enable them to succeed through the transition from primary to secondary school and into adulthood. In a nutshell, responsibility for school readiness lies not with the child, but with the parent/carers who care for them and the educational systems in place to support them. Critically, intervention may not be successful with all children and families, especially those with Special Educational Needs (SEN), English as an Additional Language (EAL) and a withdrawn and shy child. One must take into account the dynamics of the group and these must be taken into account when actively planning intervention. Therefore, group work may not be the appropriate solution, therefore one to one teaching may be a useful strategy in order to provide intervention. This work complements existing national initiatives to promote social and emotional well-being. It should be considered in the context of the Social and Emotional Aspects of Learning (SEAL) programme and related community-based initiatives. These initiatives stress the importance of such programmes to enable children to participate fully in the development to ensure their views are heard. To conclude, we are now beginning to understand that by providing these enriched environments children and young people are more able to develop emotional intelleigence and maturity far more effectively than they used too. Many schools, like mine, is putting so much empahisis into the development, simply because it leads to so many benefits. Therefore, schools are finding ways to explicitly place emotional literacy at the heart of the curriculum with their approach to learning, teaching, delivery, behavoiur and well-being. Staff are being specificially training and coaching enable them to put the theory into practice. It is important to stress, virtually all the interventions described, only work if they are embedded in the whole community. Those efforts can promote resilience and build the strengths that already exist in the family and the community. References DCSF, (2008) Every Child Matters Resources-and-Practice, Nottingham: DfES Publications, (online), extracted from http://www.everychildmatters.gov.uk/deliveringservices/caf/ (Accessed 8th Feb 2010) Family Links The Nurturing Programme Handbook for Parent Group Leaders, 2004 Weare, K, Developing the Emotionally Literate School, London: Paul Chapman Publishing, 2004 Knowledge and understanding of: * 1.2 the emotional, physical, intellectual, social and moral lives of children aged 0-12 as they develop and experience transitions in their lives. Cognitive skills: * 2.4 identify and re ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ect on own values and positions and those of others, and assess their relationships to policy and practice. Practical and professional skills: * 4.3 develop communication and engagement skills that could be applied to work with children * 4.4 understand the importance of sharing information and developing critical analytical practice that will contribute to a) listening to children b) promoting childrens wellbeing and c) multi-agency working with children and families. After many years of emphasis on the cognitive and physical aspects of childhood development, recently more attention has been focused on the social and emotional developmental cycles of children. The impact of a childs relative emotional maturity or immaturity on their behaviour, performance and personal happiness is finally being recognised. Furthermore, the issue of mental (emotional) health has been acknowledged as part of schemes such as The Healthy Schools Initiative. Against a background of increasing social exclusion, a worrying trend in diminishing self-esteem in teenage boys, and increasing numbers of children being recognised as having additional learning needs or presenting challenging behaviour, there is a growing pressure to find solutions. A childs capacity to learn and grow depends to a very significant extent on their ability to manage personal and social tasks. Without the ability to be aware of their emotional states and self-management skills to contain and handle these, their work will suffer. Without the ability to be aware of others, what they are feeling and to practise relationship management skills, their friendships and social support will vanish. There has also been a steady rise in recognition of the importance of sound self-esteem for children. This recognition has emerged through psychological studies into the aetiology of behaviour disorders, learning difficulties and other disturbances to the steady development and maturation of children. This has coincided with research into human Emotional Intelligence and the development of emotional literacy training programmes. Emotional Intelligence is now known to play a very significant part in achieving goals set, as well as being the foundation for personal satisfaction. Many gifted educators and child-care workers have already developed excellent emotional literacy programmes to support and develop children at every level of need. These enable children to learn the skills and abilities to give them greater emotional awareness, more emotional control and strong relationship building skills. This in turn leads to higher emotional intelligence, and usually, sound self-esteem.http://www.schoolofemotional-literacy.com/content.asp?ArticleCode=147 We now understand that by providing these environments, together with specific training and coaching in personal and social skills, we can enable children and young people to develop emotional maturity far more effectively than we could before. Many schools believe that emotional intelligence can and must be developed because it leads to so many benefits. They are therefore finding ways to explicitly place emotional literacy at the heart of their approach to learning, teaching, achieving, behaviour change and well-being. The environments that encourage emotional and social competence are: * an enriched physical environment * an enriched emotional environment. Aspects of emotional literacy The various aspects of emotional literacy as described by Katherine Weare in her book Developing the Emotionally Literate School are outlined here. Self-understanding: * having an accurate and positive view of ourselves * having a sense of optimism about the world and ourselves * having a coherent and continuous life story. Understanding and managing emotions: * experiencing the whole range of emotions * understanding the causes of our emotions * expressing our emotions appropriately * managing our responses to our emotions effectively: for example, managing our anger, controlling our impulses * knowing how to feel good more often and for longer * using information about emotions to plan and solve problems * resilience: processing, and bouncing back from, difficult experiences. Understanding social situations and making relationships: * forming attachments to other people * experiencing empathy for others * communicating with others and responding effectively * managing our relationships effectively * being autonomous, independent and self-reliant. Every parent, every politician, and every teacher want young children to enter kindergarten ready to succeed. Often the focus is on cognitive skills, early literacy, or early math, and indeed there are exciting new developments in early education. But it is equally important to pay attention to the social and emotional skills that young children develop in their earliest years. These skills-how children manage their feelings, follow directions, concentrate, relate to other children and to teachers, and approach learning-will enable them to succeed as they transition to kindergarten and first grade. . Importantly, virtually all the interventions described here work best if they are embedded in a larger community effort to promote resilience and build on the strengths that exist in families and communities. Four core assumptions shaped the guide: * The family plays the most important role in a young childs life. * Responsibility for school readiness lies not with children, but with the adults who care for them and the systems that support them. * The first 5 years of life are a critical developmental period. * Child development occurs across equally important and interrelated domains-physical and motor, social and emotional, language, and cognitive. The guide is intended to be especially useful for: * Child care providers, preschool and kindergarten teachers, and others who work directly with young children and their families. * Families and school readiness coordinators and administrators involved in organizing early childhood school readiness and early literacy campaigns. * Family support advocates and others who provide support to parents and other caregivers (e.g., grandparents and foster parents) of young children. * Community leaders and coalitions who understand the importance of reaching out to young children and families to ensure early school success. * Mental health and other professionals who want to do more to ensure that young children and families get help when they need it. Section I answers frequently asked questions about why it is important to pay attention to social and emotional development as part of school readiness. Section II provides examples of the resources that are available to help programs and community planners as they seek, intentionally, to promote social and emotional school readiness. It is organized in three parts: * Resources to Help Parents describes resources and strategies that can help parents, particularly low-income parents and others raising young children, promote healthy emotional development in young children. * Resources to Help Child Care Providers and Teachers describes resources and strategies that can help child care providers and teachers promote healthy social and emotional development and school readiness. * Resources to Help Young Children and Families Facing Special Stresses describes resources and strategies that can promote resilience in the most stressed young children and families so that these children, too, can enter school ready to succeed. Each part provides examples of specific resources that can be embedded into and adapted to particular program and community circumstances. Section II of this guide highlights several informal and community-based approaches that bring families and community leaders together to develop preventive strategies, connect existing resources better, and take action around high-priority challenges to promote early school success for all young children in the community. The guide concludes in Section III with a set of questions to guide community action and 10 principles to guide action. This guide complements Spending Smarter: A Funding Guide for Policymakers and Advocates to Promote Social and Emotional Health and School Readiness, as well as a series of issue briefs that the National Center for Children in Poverty (NCCP) has developed over the past several years. (For more information, see Appendix B or www.nccp.org.) Both documents recognize that for every young child to enter school ready to succeed, focusing solely on supporting the early physical, emotional, and cognitive development of young children is not enough. There must also be powerful and sustained attention to ensuring that families can earn enough to support their children, to improving the overall quality of child care and early learning experiences, and es- pecially to ensuring that when young children enter schools, the schools are ready for them. However, the guide also recognizes that for some young children and families, without intentional strategies that are focused on social and emotional well-being, even ready schools and ready communities may not be enough. http://www.nccp.org/publications/pub_648.html

Americas Economic Debate :: essays research papers

â€Å"Government that governs least governs best.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thomas Jefferson 43% percent of the National Income (spending) is controlled by state and local sectors instead of the prominent private sector. Why do they immediately control how deep in debt the whole country is in? In the end it is the following generation that will unwillingly be endowed with this record high national debt and growing deficit. It is said that in America our government has marginal influence on our economy; that it does not get involved with our market. Laissez-Fair for example a core policy which America proudly claims to practice, and is included in every US History book in the nation seems to be just that... history. Such accusations are being heard across the nation as Americans are greeted every morning with a headline or two reminding us of how much more in debt our country really is. Many are quick to point the finger at someone; anyone (Bush, Iraq etc.) But the truth is that Bush inherited a receding economy from the all famous Clinton administration. In addition to his inherited downward slope, the events that occurred on the 11th of September did not help, in fact it had a cataclysmic effect on the economy. At this point America was confused; it was only a little over a year ago that politicians were bragging about a $557 billion surplus!(2001) The US was at an all time low and all it could do was sit back and wait for things to turn around, things that made our great economy work; like confidence, security, things that kept consumers want to keep spending. And like the great nation that America is; slowly but surely things did begin to turn around, but the decision to retaliate the attack on our demoralized constitutional republic proved to be just another setback on the latter of the goal to reach a strong and secure economic standard. This is not a history paper but this information will later be used to make a point. The total economy is made up of 2 basic components: the portion dependant on federal, state and local government spending is called the GOVERNMENT SECTOR, the part remaining is not dependant on government spending. In fact it depends on growth of national productivity, savings and real incomes. This portion of the economy is called the PRIVATE SECTOR. In the past the Private sector rightfully so was much larger than the Government sector, but as

Benefits of Running

Running is a great form of exercise that most people should do because it is a great way to keep fit, it is not boring and it is inexpensive. Running is one of the top sports to stay in shape. It is healthy and people burn many calories and it helps with weight loss. Running is also affordable. You do not need expensive equipment and it has no gym fees. Besides running can be really fun, they can ask a friend to join them and listen to music while exercising. Many people do not realize the benefits of running.Running reduces the risk of heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure among many other things. Running also helps with weight loss, building leg muscle, and improves the mental well-being and boost the confidence of any person. Also studies have shown that people who run on a regular basis tend to live longer than those who do not. If they want to live longer and healthier lives, running is a great way to do so. In addition, running can be really fun. You just have to be a little creative and add changes to the routine.You can ask a couple of friends to join you and make it fun. If you are an independent person then you can run while listening to your favorite music. Likewise, you can also try a different route or try running a different course every day. Pick your city's favorite site and plan a course that runs towards or through it. Another benefit of running is that ii is inexpensive. You do not have to belong to a gym or own some expensive equipment to improve your health. Running can be easy and cheap. All you need is a very moderate amount of sport clothing to do it.The most they are going to spend on is a decent pair of running shoes. In conclusion running is an ideal way to get needed exercise. You can get fit and stay healthy. Running is not boring if you try to be a little creative. Running is inexpensive, they do not need expensive equipment, they just need some running shoes, and they are ready to go. They can also get some fresh air and enjoy being outside. References * www. MedicalNewsToday. com * www. AmericanCouncilonExercise. com * www. MayoClinic. com * www. Runningtimes. com

Edger Allan Poe essays

Edger Allan Poe essays Ssshhh! Whats that noise beneath the floor? Sound familiar, maybe you have heard this revised phrase from shows like, The Simpsons or Friends. That phrase came from The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe, who was a write ahead of his time. He produced many classic books that are still read today, but like all authors he had to start from the beginning. Edgar Poe was born on January 19, 1809, in Baltimore, Massachusetts, to father Dave and mother Elizabeth Poe. Edgar had a brother, William Henry, and a sister, Rosaline. Shortly thereafter, his family moved to New York where his father, David Poe, resumed his acting career. David soon quit acting and abandoned his family. He died a short time later (Wagenknecht). Soon afterward, Edgars mother, Elizabeth, developed tuberculosis at the age of twenty-four and died, The image of his mothers young, still, white face was to haunt Edgar for the rest of his life (Wright). A young tobacco merchant and importer from Richmond, John Allen and his wife Frances, took in Edgar. His older brother, William, was taken by his grandfather and his sister, Rosaline, was taken by another family member that lived in Richmond. They loved him like their own child. This was how Edgar received his middle name Allan, threw his new family. In 1815, John Allan moved his family to England and while there Edgar was sent to private school. For five years he studied in England with his new family that he loved very much. After his five years in England the Allans moved back to America. It was said that Mrs. Allan loved Edgar very much, but the story was different with John. Although Edgar and Johns relationship may have seemed at times unloving John always took care of Edgar and in return he had Edgars respect (Wright). In 1826, Edgar went back to America; there he attended the University of Virginia. He was an outstanding student and excelled in vario...

Natural Selection and Darwin essays

Natural Selection and Darwin essays In Darwins time most scientists believed that each organism and each adaptation was the work of the creator., but theories began to develop by a number of historians stating that evolutionary changes were an effect to changes in nature. There were many reasons for this, such as geological studies were reveling that the earth was much older than stated in biblical creation. Another reason was the similarities between different organisms. When Darwin traveled to the Galapagos Islands he noticed slight variations that made tortoises from different islands distinct. He also observed from island to island the vast number of finches had slight differences. Darwin also noticed that they all seemed to resemble the main finch on the mainland of Equador. This observation had great influence of Darwins thinking and he began to formulate his Theory. Darwins theory of Evolution consists of four main parts. The first one was that organisms have changed over time and the ones living today are different form those of the past also many organisms have become extinct over time. The second part was that all organisms are derived by common ancestors by the branching process. Populations split into different species but they all have one common ancestor. This part of the theory provided an explanation as to why similar species tended to be in the same geographical area. The third part stated that change is gradual and slow, taking place over a long period of time. This explains the fact that no scientist has observed a sudden appearance of a new species. The fourth part of this is that the mechanism of evolutionary change was natural selection. Natural Selection is a process that occurs over successive generations. Darwins had a in depth reasoning for how it works. It starts with the statement that if all the offspring that organisms can produce were to survive and reproduce they would soon overrun the earth. To pre...

International Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Relations - Essay Example The 20th century was welcomed with the Arabian war that lasted for twenty five years. The subsequent years were full of expeditions mixed with colonization of various parts of the world by powerful nations mostly from the west. The colonies in various countries started engaging their colonial masters in uprisings mixed with revolutions in the world. The main one is the Russian revolution of 1905 followed by American occupation of Cuba (Schulzinger 234). The Chinese Republican revolution of 1911 ushered in the First World War that lasted for four years. The World War I reshaped the politics of the world because there was emergence of alliances amongst the most powerful countries of the world. The Allies made up of France, The United Kingdom and Russia, the Triple Entente, against the Central powers which was centered on the Triple Alliance of Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany but Italy didn’t enter the war since Hungary was offensive (Bagby 65). Italy later joined the Allies. Many people died and later paved way for many revolutions even in the colonies because many soldiers were recruited from the colonies and they were now well equipped and experienced to fight the colonizers. The war had been triggered by assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria by a Serbian leading to a revenge and subsequent entry of other countries that were allied to the respective countries. The Allies were victorious as the central powers led by Germany were forced to retreat. This war led to redrawing of the European map because some nations lost huge chunks of land and formation of smaller nations as a result of disintegration of major powers. The world did not get peace even after the first word war, Haitian and China Revolt followed and the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the subsequent Russian civil war the following year. The world was shaken again in 1939 when the World War II started and when through to 1945. During this war, the Axis powers, Japan, Germany and Ital y as they tried to dominate the world against the Allied powers, Britain, United States, USSR and France. The ugliest event during this war was the atomic bombs that were dropped in Japan by the US; the bombs destroyed the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the atomic bombs caused a lot of suffering to the Japanese (Rittberger 127). There haven’t been major wars again although peace is yet to be realized in the world mostly due to the tension that was caused by the cold war that sparked war in some countries like Korea. The recent armed wars include the US invasion of Iraq, the Somali crisis that is worse due to emergence of Al shabab and subsequent entry of Kenya to try and stamp it out and the death of Osama as Al Qaeda leader. The International relations are taken care of by The United Nations that was formed after the Second World War. Among the most challenging tasks globally has been terrorism and global warming. Terrorism which is as a result of unlawful violence and wa r or general use of terror as means of coercion, is however politically instigated and at times used by a state to legitimize its actions against some groups. Terrorism has been part of the current world due continued disagreements amongst the world leaders thus the many aggressions against one another in the name of

Group Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Group Project - Assignment Example In addition, it tells when and where to say certain things, to use certain words and when to discuss certain topics. Thus cultural norms are important for creating the impression and picture of the group. They govern the general behaviour of members of the group. Employers may also develop a code of conduct to be adhered to by the employees. Such rules are referred to as work norms often followed at the Different organizations have different work norms. These work norms include signing of time sheets by employees at the arrival time. Some organizations require workers to hold prayer meetings before beginning to work. However, most organizations conform to a particular dressing code which restricts workers on what to put on and what not to wear. Another type of norms that can be adopted by a group is prescriptive norms. These are unwritten rules that indicate what should be done. For example expressing gratitude after a receiving a present is considered as a prescriptive norm. A study group may also consider question session before beginning revision as a prescriptive norm. A prayer session before a match for a team is also a prescriptive norm. Proscriptive norm on the other hand comprises of unwritten rules that one should not do. A group may have its own proscriptive norms. Blaming each other for football players due to a loss can be an example of proscriptive norm. Similarly, abusing each other among members of a bible study group can be another example. Norms are generally good for the group. A dressing code among workers is good because it brings uniformity to certain workers such as medical workers. This helps in easy identification and to prevent impersonification. Calling of names and blaming each other among players may bring disharmony in the team. Similarly insulting each other may lead to the breaking up of a bible study group. Norms generally are good since they help a group to achieve their set objectives. Once in a certain

The Accomplishments and Personality of Presidency Assignment

The Accomplishments and Personality of Presidency - Assignment Example Accomplishments from 1914 through 1918 In his reign, the Panama Canal legitimately opened. President Roosevelt ensured that the National Trade Commission instigated its tasks. He gave a state briefing on Lusitania sinking. President Roosevelt has chosen again for the Enlightened Presidential tag. As the president; he made sure that the U.S. National Park Service was made. Roosevelt offered to give aid in World War I effort by starting a Volunteer sector that was much criticized by Woodrow Wilson (Edmund, 2010).He removed his nomination in order to give back up to Hughes. President Woodrow Wilson gave out his 14 Point strategy for a long-lasting peace; a related plan for the formation of a worldwide political organization that was suggested by Teddy R when he was the President of the United States. Teddy R started the survey of Rio Duvida in the Amazons River later give the new name as Rio Roosevelt. Personality of Teddy Roosevelt The persona of Theodore Roosevelt is enduring. Roosevelt was and a vidly inquisitive child, who grew up to a vigorous young man, and eventually, an active ground-breaking as a politician. According to Theodore Roosevelt, features commendable in an individual entail steady hard work, devotion to family, discreet religious loyalty, and a good will to assist a neighbor. He, therefore, came to a conclusion that like character remains to be the very description of a man or woman. He was an asthmatic victim whereby he experienced a childhood whereby he was sick for many years.

Applied Ethics and Social Responsibility Essay Example for Free

Applied Ethics and Social Responsibility Essay 1) Why do you think Starbucks has been so concerned with social responsibility in its overall corporate strategy? â€Å"I think that Starbucks has been concerned with social responsibility in its overall corporate strategy because in the long run it affects the bottom line. By being socially responsible, the business is also showing that they care about more than their profits. Caring about more than just profits allows for greater employee commitment, investor loyalty, as well as higher customer satisfaction. Research has also shown that social responsibility and good business ethics contributes to higher profits. (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, 2013)† 2) Is Starbucks unique in being able to provide a high level of benefits to its employees? â€Å"No, Starbucks is not unique in being able to provide a high level of benefits to its employees. Business ethics has become more important in the business world and it has been found that if a company is dedicated to taking care of its employees, the more dedicated the employees will be. If an employee sees that the company is acting and treats them in an ethical manner, the employee is more likely to act in an ethical manner. (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, 2013)† 3) Do you think that Starbucks has grown rapidly because of its ethical and socially responsible activities or because it provides products and an environment that customers want? â€Å"I think that Starbucks has grown rapidly because it has combined a product and environment that people want with great business ethics and social responsibility. This combination has allowed the company to expand exponentially during a good economy and maintain in a bad economy. By being socially responsible and treating their employee’s right, the company has less of a turnover rate and in the long run has been able to avoid large layoffs and shutting down a large amount of stores. (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, 2013)† 4) In what other ways does this case relate to the concepts that we have learned in the chapters so far? â€Å"This first chapter has shown that ethics is a big part of business. It can basically make or break a company. In the case of Starbucks, it has made them. They have based their business around social responsibility and ethics and have been able to maintain in an economy that has tanked because they treat their employees and customers right. According to our textbook, being ethical pays off with better employee performance, and higher employee honesty and integrity. (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, 2013)† Bibliography Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J., Ferrell, L. (2013). The Importance of Business Ethics. In O. C. Ferrell, J. Fraedrich, L. Ferrell, Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases (pp. 17-22). Mason: South-Westen.

The Growing Market Of Organic Clothing

The Growing Market Of Organic Clothing This proposed research paper is based on the growing market of organic clothing in UK fashion and retail industry. The organic industry has started with the organic food because people are very much conscious about a healthy lifestyle. But now the consumers are concerned about the environment as well. So the organic industry has increased the range of products from food to gifts, clothing, accessories, skin care products, beauty products baby and maternity products. Now organic industry is becoming popular in high streets and retailers realised that the consumers are looking forward for the ethically sound fashion. Moreover government is very much concerned about the increasing UK landfill and they have launched a campaign for tackling the environmental impact of the current fashion culture. They want the retailers to make sustainable clothes where people can use and dispose it without damaging the environment. The cheap throwaway clothes are adding to the landfill because these clot hes are not eco friendly. So poisonous gases are emitting from these sites and harm the environment as well as living beings. Though people are aware about all these things, organic clothes are not able to compete with the other materials. The entrance of organic clothes is a new challenge for retailers, suppliers and also the designers. The cheap throwaway clothes are fewer prices compared to organic clothes. The main problem which is going to be discussed in this research is how sales of organic clothes are affected by cheap throwaway clothes and how we can make the organic clothing to an everyday reality? If cheaper clothes become the market leader, then organic clothing will not be there in the future market. So how organic industry can be the market leaders and make it affordable and fancy everyone with its designs and prices. To give a detailed explanation about these problems the researcher will assess the challenges facing by organic clothing industry shows the comparison of organic and other fabrics and also the benefits of organic clothing. This research involves the analysis of how cheap regular clothing affects organic clothing industry and environment, challenges facing by organic clothing and also the future of organic clothing industry in the competitive retail market. Below are the following aims of this research: Æ’ËÅ" Analysing the impact of cheap regular clothing industry over organic clothing industry. Æ’ËÅ" Consumer awareness about the benefits of buying organic clothes Æ’ËÅ" Analysis of sales prospects for organic clothing and its future to establish a sustainable market share. Æ’ËÅ" Environmental impact and the consequences on stakeholders due to cheap clothing market. Below listed are the objectives which are the main focus of this research and it depends on the above mentioned aims.  · Understanding the ethical fashion and the importance of biodegradable clothes.  · Production and the process involved in the manufacturing of organic clothing  · Consumer behaviour in fashion and retail industry  · Market of cheaper clothes affecting the growth of organic clothing industry.  · Better marketing strategy for easy penetration of organic clothing in to the fashion industry 2) Research Methodology This following section talks about the method which has been implemented for the purpose of conducting this research. Each methods and its performance will be described and also the reasons for using these methods and techniques. Towards the end of this research paper, restrictive weakness regarding the applied methods and techniques will be explained briefly. There are two methods of research and that is inductive and deductive. In inductive method general principles are building up from detailed observations. The deductive research approach is a method which is expanded on the basis of general principles from the exact expectations of hypothesis. Types of research There are 2 types of data collection method in a market research and that is Qualitative research method and quantitative research method. When the two methods of research unite, the effect of research can be more useful. Qualitative research Qualitative research is used to help us understand how people feel and why they feel as they do. It is concerned with collecting in-depth information asking questions such as why do you say that? Samples tend to be smaller compared with quantitaive projects that include much larger samples. Depth interviews or group discussions are two common methods used for collecting qualitative information. http://www.marketresearchworld.net Qualitative is a kind of scientific research and this investigates the areas which give answers to the question, collect evidences, produce findings etc. it takes researcher to the deeper truth of the topic. It gives a proper understanding of a given research topic from the perspective point of view of the locality which is involved. Qualitative research is an effective method to gain information about the opinion, value and behaviour of the population. Qualitative research provides appropriate answers to the question given by the researcher and also gives so me valuable evidence which may not get from other methods. Quantitative research Quantitative research is a research method that relies less on interviews, observations, small numbers of questionnaires, focus groups, subjective reports and case studies but is much more focused on the collection and analysis of numerical data and statistics.(paranormality.com, 2009) This is a research method which will measure the peoples reaction in a particular way. That means the way they think, feel, act and it provides the information in a statistical and numerical way. The common methods used in quantitative researches are experiments, documentary, survey etc which will give a statistical and numerical data for a final judgement. Qualitative research will gain some information to form theories and those theories can be tested with quantitative research. In this research the author has used both qualitative and quantitative research methods. There are certain reasons why the researcher has used both qualitative and quantitative methods in this research paper. That is given below. The researcher will be conducting interviews with an online retailer of organic products to collect information which will make the topic clearer to the reader. This will be both qualitative and quantitative data collection method. There are questionnaires to customers which are used to collect some data from the customers point of view. This is quantitative in character but when the researcher gives explanation to it, turns to be qualitative and quantitative ending. Research strategy This is an area where the researcher is going to discuss about the research strategy that is used for conducting the research. The information about research strategy in the website www.lib.unca.edu shows that research strategy will give right directions to the work and will make researcher to do the research systematically instead of arbitrarily. It reduces the frustration of the author, saves time and also improves the quality of the research. Here the researcher has taken retail clothing industry and in that, organic clothing market as a focusing area to find out the challenges and business issues which they are facing. The research is not made on a particular organization or a company but the researcher has approached an organic retailer to collect some information and data for an in-depth study of the topic. With all these information, the researcher tried to analyse the competitive states of the clothing industry, the difference between the throwaway clothes and the organic clothes and its benefits, the environmental effects, easy penetration, product developments and innovation, future of organic clothes market, pricing strategies etc. Data collection methods Here the researcher would give a detailed description about the data collection methods which is used in this research. There are two types of data collection methods. They are primary data collection method and secondary data collection method. Primary data collection methods In primary data collection method, data is collected by the author by using certain methods like interviews, surveys, questionnaires, focus group interviews, case studies etc. the very important thing to be noticed in this is, the data which is collected by the author for the purpose research should not be taken from any books or from others works. It should be unique until it publishes. The primary data may be qualitative in its behaviour or can be quantitative. Here the researcher has collected primary data by taking interviews and questionnaires. Introduction What is organics? The organic world is detailed and compound with governments, businesses, organisations and other individuals from many part of the world who attempts to generate an agreement on what has to be organic. For eg. Organic food production, the farming and agriculture is done by using the system that stay away from any kind of artificial interference. These method of organics doesnt harm the environment as well as wildlife by avoiding the use of pesticides and fertilisers and if necessary antibiotics can be used. The whole idea is to work in accord with the nature using the techniques and tools which nature offer instead of dominating and destroying the nature with man-made fertilisers and pesticides. Clothing with scruples-organic clothing. Organic clothing is becoming a trend in high street. The variety of organic clothing is massive and it starts from organic sportswear to night wears. Most of the people go for shopping and buy things which magnetize their eyes without a second thought of who made that and what it is made up of or where are they coming from. But nowadays there are consumers who are conscious about their healthy life style as well as environment. And that is the reason behind the rise of organic cotton and fair trade clothing. People are always fashion conscious and each season leap from one trend to another trend because the retailers in high streets are imitating the newest catwalk looks. But now the high street retailers are into another trend that is organic materials. Though they are trying to make the organic trend popular there are lot of challenges facing by organic world of clothing. This research goes through that challenges and difficulties facing by organic clothing industry and appears with some findings which provides an answer for organic materials are just a pricey opulence for well-off or will it mature into a high street reality? if the retailers can provide the customers with eco friendly and ethically sound apparels and get them into fashion stakes, then organic clothes can become an everyday realism. Production of organic clothes is done by using sustainable resources like hemp, silk, organic cotton, bamboo fabric and linen. The harvesting and the production process should not affect the environment and the surrounding or human being. Organic clothing does not include only food, sandals or t-shirts. It includes a wide range of clothing which we can see in other fabrics. There are reusable nappies for babies. There is a good market for baby products by organic industry. Naturally produced materials are very important for babys health and skin. The fabrics which are chemically treated can irritate the baby skin because they are delicate. For example cotton fabrics, everyone think it is pure, safe and comfortable for people in any climate but it is shocking when we look into the production methods of this fabrics. So by purchasing organic materials we support a secure and eco friendly working practices, protecting the environment from toxic waste, saving the life of living beings an d as well as getting a healthier life style for ourselves. The retailers are investing lot of money for producing ethically sound fashion. Marks Spencer and its suppliers have started developing eco factories to make a way for different process of sustainable manufacturing. They have realised that the customers want clothes which are not only look good or feel good but also should not leave harmful effects in the environment. Literature review Ethical fashion According to ethicalforum.com Ethical fashion represents an approach to the design, sourcing and manufacture of clothing which maximizes benefits to people and communities while minimizing impact on the environment. The meaning of ethical goes beyond doing no harm, representing an approach which strives to take an active role in poverty reduction, sustainable livelihood creation, minimizing and counteracting environmental concerns. It covers a range of issues such as working conditions, exploitation, fair trade, sustainable production, the environment, and animal welfare. (ethicalfashionforum.com, 2009) Ethical fashion is defined as an approach to the manufacture, source of clothing and also designs range which has to be aware of society and environment and also sustainable. Ethical fashion and its products should do the promotion of eco friendly materials and the process of production should not harm the environment. It also has to provide fair wage and fair working atmosphere for the employees in the industry. There are two areas to focus when we talk about ethical fashion, environment and the people or giving preference to organic standard and fair-trade standard. Fair-trade standards are about the employees who make the clothes and who fabricate the raw materials. Worldwide there are more than 30million cotton farmers. Much of the materials are coming from developing countries. This fair-trade ensures that the workers are given a fair pay and also exploit child labour. It also ensures the working condition and the atmosphere. Basically ethical fashion respects the nature and the earth. Cotton cultivation will pollute the atmosphere. Cotton cultivation needs eight times more chemicals than what we use on a normal food crop. This pollutes air, soil and river. It also affects the people who are working in this field. A large percentage of death is happening every year due to pesticides in the cotton field. Many pesticides are used unnecessarily. We can protect the cotton by using soap, garlic, chilli etc. Rest chemicals are used at the time of processing and dyeing the fabric. One company approximation is almost 8000 types of chemicals are used to produce a t-shirt. Ethical fashion is clothing which is made with fair-trade organic cotton where in sweatshop free conditions. This is a growth market and it is slowly finding its way to high streets. Ethical fashion mention the way fashion industry currently works and the problems such as labour exploitation, environmental destruction, cruelty towards animal etc. It is very important for the people to know the need of ethical fashion in todays world. The organic industry has to find a permanent market place in retail industry and fancy people with its quality, benefits, designs, price etc. So ethical fashion has to be encouraged by the government, retailers, suppliers and the consumers, who are the stake holders and this can give a better living condition, health and a good lifestyle. This is a great challenge for the designers to promote ethical fashion by getting the newest trends to the organic fabrics like organic cotton, hemp, bamboo fabrics etc. The way a chair breaks up space or a building cuts into the sky with so many different views is how I feel a garment relates to the body, says Brooklyn designer Nina Valenti, who launched the sustainable line nature vs future in 2002. I design pieces that have a strong line, form and texture. (organicconsumers.org, 2009) The designers are trying to widen the range of designing in organic clothes. For example designs of Nina Valenti, her clothes has gathers, pleats, stiffness, slits etc and she uses the fabrics like organic cotton, hemp, wool and also the fabric made from recycled soda bottle. If the consumers understand the difference between organic and cheap clothes and if they are getting the vast variety of products based on their demand, the eco fashion will be a turning point to the todays fast fashion culture and organic clothing industry will turn to be everyones choice. Branding Famous marketing author Kotler saysA name, term, symbol or design (or combination of them) which is intended to signify the goods or services of one seller or groups of sellers and to differentiate them from those of the competitors. (Groucutt, 2005) Here it gives a proper understanding that branding is not about achieving the target market and be the market leader but it is about receiving the outlook to see the brand as that is the only thing which gives solution to the consumers problems. Branding creates many challenges to the marketers. To get success in branding the brand should have clear prospects about the needs and wants of the consumers. It is important to spend some time for defining, understanding, researching and then building a brand. A brand is a kind of promise which is given to the consumers and it is also a foundation in the marketing communication. Before branding was just identification for the customers to differentiate one product from another. Gradually people became brand conscious and they started rating the products with the brand name. Then marketers started creating effective brands. Now every sector has got brands and people choose the products with the brand names. In the case of organic clothes the re are lot of brands like Eden clothing, Edun, rain tee etc and there are designers as well to encourage eco fashion. But still ethical fashion is not able to compete with the larger brands. The organic brands are targeting niche group of green consumers instead of mainstream brands consumers. There are some ethical fashion brands that are successful in the way they are communicating with the target consumers. Patagonia is one of them who became an international brand. But now the retailers have worked out another way to penetrate organic clothing in to the market. They are promoting eco friendly clothes as a different section of the existing brands. For example Nike, Levis, MS etc, these brands are taking a significant pace to progress the organic industry to the mainstream. These global brands are producing profit of multimillion pounds every year by using sweatshop labour in developing countries. After decades, the brands like Nike, Gap etc have admitted that the employees have b een abused and exploited by force labour in the factories. So they promised that they will improve the working condition for a lot of people who are not paid well to produce their highly demanded goods. There are lot of factors which affect the purchasing habit of the consumers. Though they are concerned about the environment and social problems, there are lot more reasons for the consumers to select a particular brand or the product. As the high streets are welcoming ethical fashions or organic clothing, there are some changes in consumers buying behavior. They are being responsible socially and culturally. The marketers are aware of this situation and even they are making changes to the existing brand to make sure that they are ethical in the way they process. Ethical marketing and advertising Ethical marketing frames messages in a way that the consumer identifies with. It encourages companies to integrate cultural, social, economic and environmental values into their culture, strategy and actions, and reinforces the positive values of the brand, creating a strong citizen brand. This is all done on a voluntary basis, and is generally an offering above and beyond statutory requirements. Through the effective use of ethical marketing and corporate social responsibility, companies are able to positively contribute to society and manage the environmental impact of their organisation, whilst maintaining and even growing the contribution to their bottom line. It can have direct benefits on businesses and can help secure long-term competitiveness. (grassrootsideas.co.uk, 2009) Ethical marketing is defined as applying marketing ethics into the process of marketing. Ethical marketing comes in a socially, culturally responsible and sensitive business area. It is an examination from the moral point of a marketing issue which needs a moral judgment. The survival of human race for long period and the successful future basically depends on accepting these concepts or refuse them. Ethical marketing should also have an observation whether the representation or marketing of a product or service has reached in a framework where social and cultural values meet. It is a business which makes its own way of marketing ethics and uses this code in every portion of business process which gives ability to offer valuable benefits to the customers. The consumers have to realise this competitive advantage. The ethical issues like child labour, the employers working condition, the environmental problems etc made the world think that they are more responsible socially and cultura lly. This pressured the companies and made them market their services and products which is socially moral and responsible. The best example for ethical marketing is the increasing demand of fair-trade. The whole idea of this fair-trade is, consumers pay a certain amount for the goods to a group of producers and the producers offer fair wages to employers and also preserve the environment. This sets up a trade which is ethically sound. The main aim of ethical marketing is to achieve customer loyalty by supporting positive values of a brand to make it a strong citizen brand. Though it is a new method of process which forms new challenges for the marketers, this will pressurize in developing products which gives long term benefits without any reduction of quality of the products. Ethical marketing comes in the picture when the marketers and the organisation realise that more improvements has to be done for making a better human life possibilities. Some companies like Coop Group have decline to invest money in business of fur, tobacco etc. In the case of organic clothing a strong awareness has to be done to improve the sales and the demand. The retailers of organic clothes have to be more concentrated in the way they market they products. In highly developed markets where consumers are often cynical about brands, word of mouth is increasingly the main source of recommendation. And the brands most likely to be recommended are from companies that are ethical in the way they behave. With the explosion of blogs and online social networking, word of mouth has become one of the most potent brand management tools available. There is no longer anywhere to hide-your brand will be found out and rejected unless you commit to ethical business and marketing practices. (The Marketing Society Forum, 2009) As we mentioned above developed markets will have consumers who are more conscious about the brands. Word of mouth has become an effective marketing tool in todays world. This has become powerful with the help of online social networking, creating blogs etc. The brands need recommendation from the companies to be shown that they are ethical in all the ways. Each brand has got its own production ways and marketing. They have to make sure that they are processing their business in a social responsible way. It should be acceptable culturally and socially. For example Gap, the brand which had highest turnover, they got a black mark when the brand name was related to child labour practices in the manufacturing state. This has affected their sales and the retailer Zara had hit the highest turnover label in the following year. Also Gap had to remove those items from the sale which they used child labour. All western clothing chain makes their production process in Asia. They take the advant age of cheap labour providing by Asian countries like India, Bangladesh, Vietnam, China, Indonesia etc. So the way they process should be ethical in all the ways because there are consumers who encourage ethically sound business and its marketing. In this instance each brands can encourage the organic clothing industry by providing organic clothes with their brand name. In UK like places people are very much conscious about the newest fashion as well the brand which they wear. So if every brands make their clothes eco friendly, that means they are being fair towards the human and the society as well. Consumers are acquiring better quality products which dont harm their skin and the environment. Through effective advertisement organic retailers can make everyone aware of the importance of organic clothes in todays era. The government and the marketers have launched campaigns to give awareness about eco fashion and also to undertake environmental impact of fast fashion culture. Organi c consumers association launched global campaign to raise the awareness of negative health and environmental effects of cheaper clothes and its production process. Then we can make ethical fashion an everyday reality. Market leadership Market leadership is usually understood in terms of the position of a given company within an industry or market, based on three factors. When determining whether a corporation can properly be referred to as a market leader, the profitability of the company will play a major role. Along with how profitable the company happens to be, the market share volume and value will also be considered. (wisegeek.com, 2009) In the above sentence it is explained that an industry, market or an organizations position in the market is depends on three points. That is profitability, market share, market volume. But now the market is more competitive and the competitors are also high in number. So there are some more points which have to be added to get a market leadership like innovations and developments, advertising, branding, quality, price etc. Fashion is a very copycat industry, says Scott Hahn, who launched Loomstate, an American organic cotton denim line, to the likes of Harrods and Selfridges last year. There are a few pioneers and other brands follow. For some its because they think organic cotton is trendy now that its escaped its tree-hugger image. But more I think are now doing so for the right reasons. (organicconsumers.org, 2009) In the case of organic industry, the organic clothes have penetrated to the market. To increase their market volume, share and profitability and be a market leader they need to do innovations, product development, pricing and advertising. Advertising and promoting the product is a very important and effective marketing tool to get the consumers attention. There are some consumers who are concerned about the environment as well as they has realized the benefits of using organic clothing. It is not only an understanding about the benefits of organic clothing but they also have to know the harmful effects of cheaper clothes to the environment and to the health of human beings. The BBC has released news about the environmental problems and UK landfill due to the growing sales of cheaper throwaway clothes. According to the survey done by the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) says the clothing and textiles sector in the UK produces around 3.1m tonnes of carbon dioxi de, 2m tonnes of waste and 70m tonnes of waste water per year. Gases such as CO2, emitted by fossil fuel burning, and methane, released from landfill sites, are widely believed to be contributing to global warming. (bbc.co.uk, 2009) UK ministers told that the consumers should make sure that the production, selling and disposal of clothes are not harming the environment as well as not exploiting the workers by the use of poor labour practices. The fashion has to be more sustainable throughout the whole process which includes design, production, selling and disposing. The whole idea is to get the attention of consumers to make them understand the negative impact of cheap throwaway clothes which is highly in demand in the high streets of UK but this is making a way to increase the landfill in UK. The campaigns launched by the government and clothing associations were useful to make consumers aware about why to use organic clothes. Through these campaigns the retailers of organic clothing and the government is aiming to build a highly demand market for eco-fashion. To enter in a vast market like fashion or clothing industry, need to plan highly competitive business strategies. Marketing and advertising alone will no t make the organic clothes sustain in the market and capturing the market to be a market leader. From the perspective view of new entrance like organic clothes, entering a drenched market with limited designs wouldnt make a difference in the market and wont get an entrance easily. The entrance of Body Shop to the market is the best example here. Anita Roddick has entered in the cosmetic market where lots of high end brands are competing each other. But her innovative idea of handmade and natural cosmetic products attracted the customers and gave body shop a permanent position in the market. According to a study done by OCA (Organic Consumers Association) sales of organic cotton is doubling every year. Sales of organic cotton are set to triple to $2.6 billion at the end of 2008 from its current $900 million level as retailers and brands make significant new commitments to sustainable textile and apparel production. (organicconsumers.org, 2009) There is lot of brands like Nike, Timberland, MarksSpencer, Wal-mart etc have already opened organic lines they were joined by Reebok, CA etc as new comers. The market of organic cotton is widening every year and it also attracts the global investors. In this situation the only issue which is worrying is the availability of fiber to satisfy the increasing demand for cotton and other organic fabrics. It is a known factor from these reports that organic industry is going to be a good competitor in the fashion and retail world in the coming years. Consumer behaviour Blackwell et al said, Consumer behaviour is defined as activities people undertake when btaining, consuming and disposing of products and services.(Blackwell et al, 2001). Consumer behaviour is a study of buying behaviour of the customers in the market that means what consumers are buying, why they are buying. Better understanding of the consumer behaviour will help organisations to improve the products and services and also their business, marketing strategies. This will influence consumers to buy that particular product. In the case of organic clothing, they attract the consumers by quality and the elegant designs of the products. The consumers are aware that organic products are good for health and skin. So they started getting attracted to the food products firstly and then to baby products. Much of the consumers are worried about the delicate skin of the babies, so they go organic especially nappies which can be recycled. Here comes the importance of the study of consumer behaviour. One official definition of consumer behavior is The study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society. (consumerpsychologist.com, 2009) Understanding consumer behaviour will help to develop the marketing strategies like pricing, segmentation, targeting, product designing, positioni